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Abstracts

XVI conference

Sensors: classification, principles of operation, applications

Egorov A.A., Egorov M.A.

A.M. Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia, 119991, Moscow, 38, Vavilov Street 1 Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Russia, 117198, Moscow, 6

The sensors allow to collect, to fix, to inform on, to process and to distribute information about condition of physical systems. It can be information about chemical structure, form, structure, position and dynamics. There are various kinds of sensors. The principles of their operation base on the certain natural or chemical phenomena and properties. Examples can be temperature sensors, radars, acoustic sounding, sensors of radiation level, pressure transducers, hygrometers etc. [1]. Necessity of perfecting of apparatus for monitoring parameters of an environment stimulate development of sensors, which will allow to determine temperature, pressure, humidity and concentration of gases. The successes in neighboring areas (laser physics, solid-state physics, microelectronics, microprocessor engineering, science of materials, quantum electronics engineering, integrated optics) lead to development of a new direction in development of sensors i.e. creation of chemical sensors. One of the most perspective kinds of chemical sensors are the optical chemical sensors. Integrated-optical (i.-o.) computer-controlled sensors among them are most perspective [2]. The principle of work, for example, of an i.-o.-chemical sensors of absorbing type is based on the registration of a modification of intensity of a laser radiation of a guided mode interacting with a researched medium, over lengths of waves, characteristic for the given substance [1, 2]. For reaching high sensitivity and the speeds of the i.-o. sensor are used: waveguides with low damping; highly stable electronic comparison circuits on operational amplifiers; acquisition, storage and processing of measured data with the help of computer-controlled laboratories [2].

The importance of the given review is stipulated by the availability of development of sensors and sensory technologies, especially in light of progress in such areas as computer technologies, Internet etc. The solution of this problem has priority significance for a biology, ecology, medicine, chemical industry, electronic industry, oil-gas industry, military technologies etc.

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